Frequently Asked Questions

Insurance - General

• Does the German tax authority add tax to insurance premiums?

  Yes, certain premiums/contributions are taxed on the legal basis of the Insurance Tax Act.
  In Germany Insurance Tax is a so-called transfer tax and the annual revenue amounts to slightly more than 10 billion euros, thus accounts for more than 4% of the Federal Tax Revenue.
  
  Depending on the type of insurance the tax rate varies. Below a listing of private policy:

  General insurance tax rate	19.00%
  Building insurance	19.00%
  Building insurance, incl. fire	16.34%
  Health insurance	0.00%
  House Contents insurance	19.00%
  House Contents insurance, incl. fire	16.15%
  Life insurance	0.00%
  Life insurance (pension plan)	0.00%
  Personal Accident insurance	19.00%
  Personal Accident insurance, incl. premium-return guarantee	3.80%
  Property insurances in general, (e.g. motor, liability)	19.00%

   

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• Can you explain the bi-sex & uni-sex tariffs?

  Before the 21st of December 2012 men and women were paying different insurance premiums. The European Commission decided that it was discriminatory to apply different rates to different genders so all insurance premiums were adjusted so that the costs of both genders were made exactly the same. This inevitably resulted an increase to the highest common denominator rather than decrease to the lower one!

  Since unisex was introduced, men have now to pay a larger sum for: Health insurance, Incapability to Work (Loss of Income), Critical Illness cover and for their Pension. On the other hand women have to pay a larger sum for car insurance and life assurance. The costs for liability, house contents and building insurance are unaffected.

  Since the 21st of December 2012 bi-sex tariffs are no longer offered by German insurance companies. If you set up a bi-sex policy before the 21st of December 2012, you can still keep it, but any subsequent changes will result in a Unisex tariff being imposed.

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• What is the 'deductible'?

  Deductible, also known as 'excess' and in very few cases 'participation', is the amount of money that has to be paid by the policy holder before the insurer reimburses any insured expenses.
  The majority of property insurances have a free selectable deductible, which is related to a single claim. The policy holder can even pick a zero excess but looking in the Terms & Conditions one will often find that a single benefit still might have a fixed excess regardless.

  Contrary to property ins. health or medical insurance does not have a claim-related but annual excess. Depending on the insurance company the excess might be linked to the insurance-year or calendar-year.

  
  Official definition:
"A specified monetary amount payable by an insured person in respect of expenses incurred before any benefit is paid under a policy. The policy excess applies per person, per policy year.”

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• What happens if I fail to declare insurance relevant information during the application prodedure??

  Should a client deliberately violate his duty of disclosure during the application procedure a German insurance company has the following rights if he, on knowing about the actualities, would have declined the proposal or only agreed to acceptance using different terms.

  1. Appeal against the contract,
     in accordance with §22 VVG (German Insurance Contract Act) & in accordance with §123 BGB (German Civil Code)
  2. Withdraw from the contract,respectively cancel the contract,
     in accordance with §19 2&3 VVG (German Insurance Contract Act)
  3. Refuse payment of any claims,
     in accordance with §21 VVH (German Insurance Contract Act)
     If the breach of pre-contractual duty of disclosure was not deliberate the insurer cannot refuse payment on non-related claims!
  4. Retain any paid premiums up to the date of cancellation,
     in accordance with §39 1 VVG (German Insurance Contract Act)

  These rights do not have to be carried out but in the event of a pending claim associated to this offence are 'standard procedure'.

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Insurance - Building

• When sellling a house, does the building insurance automatically transfer to the new owner and if so, when?

  It does indeed, and the reason for this is to prevent the building from being uninsured during the transfer of ownership, hence to protect the new buyer of being liable for any damage that occurs during this period.

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• Having bought a new house, how do I switch building insurer after the automatic transfer of policy holder?

  As of the time of the transfer, i.e. when the buyer is registered in the land register under section 1 (German: Grundbuch, Abt. I) and therefore, officially owns the property, the insurance can be terminated within one month and with immediate effect (special right of termination).

  If the purchaser is unaware of the existence of a building insurance policy, the policy can be terminated within one month after becoming aware of its existence. This rule also applies where the purchaser has not received notification of the registration in the land register until expiry of the before-mentioned 1-month notice period.

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Insurance - House Contents

Insurance - Health - German Statutory ("Public")

• Can anyone sign up with statutory (public) health insurance?

  The answer to this question is: "Yes, but with exemptions!"
  For this to make sense, one must understand the difference between the following 2 categories.

  1. Obligatory membership
     This means that because of the employee's gross salary, contributing towards Social Security becomes mandatory, then so does statutory health insurance.
  2. Voluntary membership
     1. Even though the employee's salary exceeds a specific threshold, hence they could sign up with a private health insurer, the employee decides to stay with the statutory provider and pay the max. contribution (ca. 900€ per month)!
        
        --- OR ---
     2. Switching from employment to self-employment one has the right to remain insured as a voluntary member.
        
        --- OR ---
     3. Arriving in Germany as an EU citizen with previous EU "public" health insurance, one has the right to sign up as a voluntary insured member.

  Exemptions:

  • Arriving in Germany as a self-employed, non-EU person, signing up with a public provider is not possible!
  • Once privately insured, switching to statutory (public) insurance is also not possible, unless the person becomes employed and has an annual salary below the before-mentioned specific threshold, called 'Annual Earning Limit' (German: Jahresarbeitsentgeltgrenze).

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• I would like to switch from my EU to German statutory insurance. What are the steps?

  Thanks to cross-border digital data exchange switching from one EU statutory (“public”) health company to another requires in most cases nothing more than submitting an application to the German provider of your choice.

  The procedure:

  • On receiving the application, the German insurer inputs the member into their system and sends notification to the foreign insurer that membership has been requested.
  • The foreign insurer acknowledges holding or having held membership for the applicant and for its part confirms end of membership.

  The same procedure applies to those few countries not connected to the data exchange system too, yet in written form.

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• I have German "public" insurance, do I have to pay for treatment at the doctor?

  No. When visiting a doctor, dentist, public hospital or any other non-private medical facility, presenting your membership card you will not be billed.
  Invoices are only ever issued when treatment, consultation or service exceed the scope of "public" health cover, hence the patient needs to be billed privately. Latter requires preliminary clarification and the patient's written consent.

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• Will the German public health system pay for gender reassignment sugery?

  Although nowadays one would not think, gender reassigment is still a very complex subject, and especially in Germany.

  Due to the German Constitutional Court ruling in 2011, that a person needs neither sex reassignment surgery nor sterilization in order to legally change their gender, and because of the immense expenses involved in gender reassignment surgery, ultimately carried by the insured community as a whole, the following requirements are needed for a statutory health provider to give their approval.

  Requirements:

  • Applicant's personal statement
  • Application for Gender Reassignment Operation, issued by the insurer
  • Hormone treatment for a period of at least 6 months (evidence required!) AND
    Confirmation of a day-to-day test over a period of at least 18 months
  • Psychiatric treatment of at least 18 months (evidence required!) AND
    Psychiatrist report (brief) for the diagnostic clarification of possible psychiatric comorbidity (if psychotherapeutic treatment is provided by a psychological psychotherapist)
  • 2 court opinions in accordance with §4 (3) Transsexuellengesetz, OR
    proof of an accom­plished change of civil status according to §45b PStG, as far as a first name change was ac­complished
  • Statement from the contracting hospital(s)
  • Specialist medical reports post requested services/ treatment
    (e.g. hormone treatment, epilation, surgical interventions)

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• Are there any co-payments I need to make with "public" insurance?

  On top of the total 243.5 billion Euros that providers of "public" health insurance paid out in 2018, members made additional co-payments of approx. 4.2 billion Euros for treatments, services, benefits, medication and the below mentioned. Compared to 2017, this is an increase of 108 million Euros!
  
  Here are just a few examples of the co-payments that people must expect with German "public" health insurance.

  Scenario:	Comment:
  Contraceptives and Abortions
  Hospital stay and treatment
  Medicines & Dressings	"waived if a minor"
  Prevention and Rehabilitation benefits
  Remedies and Aids
  Transportation with an ambulance	10€ per trip
  Treatment Care and Home Nursing

   

  For adults co-payments are limited to 2% of their gross annual income and for those who have to see a doctor more often or need frequent medication, i.e. chronically ill people, the co-payment limit is lowered to 1%.

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• I am self-employed, how are my contributions calculated?

  The amount self-employed/ freelancers must contribute towards the German statutory health insurance scheme is a fixed percentage, plus the providers own 'Additional Fee', both based on income.
  
  Income is defined as turn-over minus expenses, includes other possible sources of income, e.g. capital yields, rent, etc. and is to be proven to the provider every year by presenting the most recent Tax-Income Assessment.
  
  To prevent contributions being infinite the so-called "Contribution Assessment Ceiling" (Geman: Beitragsbemessungsgrenze) is applied, which makes sure contributions are capped at an amount that is reviewed annually.
  In 2020 this is set at 56,250€ per year or 4,687.50€ per month.

  Finally the system then differentiates between 2 types of members and therefore applies slightly different percentages.
   

  • Standard Membership:

    • 14.0% Medical insurance

    • x% Provider's additional fee   (current market: 0.3% to 2.5%, depending on provider)

    • 3.05% Long-Term Care insurance

    • Total = 14.0% + x% + 3.05%
       

  • Member is 23 years or older and has no children:

    • 14% Medical insurance

    • x% Provider's additional fee   (current market: 0.3% to 2.5%, depending on provider)

    • 3.3% Long-Term Care insurance

    • Total = 14.0% + x% + 3.3%

  
  With the average 'Additional Fee' currently at 1.2%, self-employed members can calcuate with 18.25%, resp. 18.50%.

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• I have just started self-employment, how are my contributions calculated?

  In the event that self-employment has only just started, thus a tax-declaration is yet to be submitted, the health insurers fall back on reliable economic evaluations (German: Betriebswirtschaftliche Auswertung [BWA]) or try to make their own estimates, in expectation to make amendments once the first Tax-Income Assessment can be presented.

  Regardless however of the amount of income the self-employed might expect and declare towards the provider, monthly contributions are generally calculated in accorance with 2 thresholds.

  1. Minimum contribution:
     This so-called "Assessment Base for Minimal Contribution" (German: Mindestbeitragsbemessungsgrundlage) is set at 1,142€ (2019).
     One exception, if the business is a start-up, thus subsidised by the Employment Agency, the Assessment Base for Minimal Contribution is slightly less.
      
  2. Maximum contribution:
     The "Income Threshold" (German: Beitragsmessungsgrenze) for 2019 is set at 4,537.50€ per month / 54,450€ per year.

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• What are the cancellation terms of statutory ("Public") health insurance?

  In principle, statutory health insurance comes with a twelve-month commitment period, yet depending on any optional tariffs that may be included, the binding period can be extended up to three years.

  The notice period required to terminate the contract at the end of the month is two full calendar months.

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Insurance - Health - German Private

• Acceptance of applications in the German private health insurance

  To obtain insurance cover, you must first submit an insurance application to the insurer. If approved, a legally binding contract is then concluded. "Legal" means that the applicant has received the acceptance confirmation - usually the policy and other contract-relevant documentation - and the 14-day withdrawal period has expired.

  Private health insurance companies can reject applications.
  However, since 2009 when in Germany compulsory health insurance was introduced, private insurers must accept every person who is not subject to mandatory insurance, i.e. those who are forced to sign up with a statutory health insurance provider. These people are then placed in the private so-called and  "Basistarif" and because any pre-existing medical condition is insured, it is very expensive, yet with very basic insurance coveage.

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• How high can my income be before I have to pay for Long-Term Care insurance?

  In order to be eligible for exemption of premiums, or to continue to benefit from premium relief as a spouse, the monthly minimum income threshold of 455€ must not be exceeded.

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• I am moving abroad, how do I cancel my German private health insurance?

  If you have given up your residence or center of life in Germany you have an extraordinary right of termination.
  The insurance contract can alco be cancelled retrospectively as from the official date of departure, if documenation is provided within two months of latter. Required is a copy of the de-registration certificate that can only be obtained from your local Residents' Registration Office and sometimes an additional form the health insurer will issue.

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• What does substitutive health insurance mean?

  For an insurance plan to be substitutive in Germany, legislation defines the following.

  • Insurer's ordinary right of termination is waived
  • Premium-calculation is based on actuarial principals
  • Saving towards the 'Old-Age-Reserve' are implemented
  • On changing tariff, 'Old-Age-Reserves' are transferable

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• What is the "Übertragungswert" for?

  As of 01.01.2009 all German insurers are obliged to certify the so-called “Übertragungswert" that can be transferred to a different German private insurer. This 10% statutory surcharge is an amount within the “Old Age Provisions” (German: “Altersrückstellungen”) that all insurers must collect up to the customer's 60th life year.

  The purpose of “Old Age Provisions” is to compensate for increasing health insurance benefits/ costs at old age. Without these provisions private health insurance would be unaffordable for most elderly people.

  In 2022 German private health insurers collectively held a total of 315.5 billion Euros in “Old Age Provisions”.

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Insurance - Health - International Private

• I am self-employed and working abroad. Can you issue an A1 Form?

  First off, the purpose of the A1-Certificate is to confirm that the law of the state of residence (sending state) applies to the posted worker who is travelling within the European borders. The type of health insurance you hold is irrelevant to obtaining an A1-Certificate, however depending on where you are insured, you must apply through one of the following channels:

  Your type of health insurance	Point of Contact
  German Statutory ("Public")	Health Provider (e.g. TK, AOK, Barmer)
  German Private - funded by the employer	ABV - Arbeitsgemeinschaft Berufsständischer Versorgungseinrichtungen e.V.
  Private - Elsewhere	DRV - Deutsche Rentenversicherung   (German State Pension Provider), via "sv.net" - link to the portal. Please note:  Registration and Social Security Number (Sozialversicherungsnummer) required!

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• What is the contractual period for an international health plan.

  This depends on the specific insurer's terms and conditions, however generally the policy holider is committed to at least 90 days and max. 1 year.

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Insurance - Motor

• Cancellation procedure - of a military registered vehicle

  Mid-term:
  There are only 2 ways to terminate a German motor insurance policy covering a vehicle registered with a non-German Registration Office mid-term.

  1. The insurer MUST receive a copy of the official de-registration certificate.
     Depending on the Registration Office, the certificate might carry an official title, e.g.:
     • AE Form 190-1S (USAREUR)
     • Attestation SHAPE CPC (SHAPE)
     • BFG Form 272 (British Forces in Germany)
        
  2. Extraordinary right of termination after a claim
     After an eligible claim both parties (insurer / insured) have the right to cancel the contract within one month after the claim has been closed, which needs to be announced in writing.

   

  One month's notice
  Prior to renewal send in one months' notice to not renew the contract in writing / text form

   

  The following means are not accepted!

  • Bill of Sale / Purchase Invoice with both buyer's & seller's signature and preferably not older than one month
  • Proof of New Insurance stating the make & model, preferably also the chassis number (only applicable if leaving Germany!
  • Scrap certificate

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• Coverage - 'Abroad Claim Protection'

  ACP gives you the possibility to claim on your own insurance in the event of a incident abroad and caused by a Third Party. You will then not have to deal with a foreign insurer or any language barriers and will receive reimbursement based on German insurance law, which is considerably more sophisticated compared to other countries. Hence ACP is primarily meant as a financial safety-catch should the other party's insurance decline payment or start delaying reimbursement, etc. ...

  As a matter of fact no reason is needed to use this benefit from the very beginning, however there is a catch! Clients must be aware that using Abroad Claim Protection will initially be classed as a claim on your own (liability) insurance until the insurer has received reimbursement of their costs from the opposing insurance. For this reason it is crucial that the police are always called out and if this is not possible then at least a European Accident Form has been completed by both parties. This is to prevent any contradictions regarding assignment of guilt as you then at least have the opponent's signature on your stated details.

  Bottom line:
  If you frequently travel thru different countries it is definitely worth having and can save a lot of hassle should one ever be involved in an accident. ERICON - as your constant companion - will of course always try to help and will communicate with the other party's insurer on your behalf, however some companies do make things more complicated than necessary with only one objective - to avoid paying or to delay reimbursement as long as possible.

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• Coverage - Can you insure my vehicle in SHAPE, Belgium?

  Yes, we insure NATO personnel in Belgium, however are limited to one company - Allianz Deutschland.
  For a quotation, please follow this link.

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• Claims - Which incidents need to be reported to the police?

  The insurers expect the following incidents related to motor insuance to be reported to the policy without delay.

  • Theft
  • Burglary
  • Vandalism
  • Parking incidents*
  • Damages caused by game**

  
  * Relates to policies with the extra "parking benefit", covered by the Partial Risk module. Hence not the damage your moving vehicle has caused to another parked vehicle but vice versa - some other vehicle has damaged your car.

  ** These can also be reported to the local forstery office.

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• Finance & Lease - Transfer of Security

  When taking out a loan or lease on a vehicle, the 'object of desire' itself is often enough sufficient security for the creditor (bank).

  Consequently, it is then the loanee's/ lessee's responsibility to make sure the value is secured, hence Fully Comprehensive cover becomes inevitable to cover the financial consequences in the event of a bigger incident or even total-loss (write-off or theft). This hedging measure also entails a requirement set by the creditor, in which the borrower cedes his right of financial reimbursement to the bank.
  This is called 'Transfer of Security'.

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• General - Do I need a Green Card for travelling in the EU?

  In many countries the police like to see the International Insurance Certificate ('Green Card') after an accident for assurance that the vehicle has liability insurance and simply because it contains all necessary information.

  In all countries of the European Economic Area (i.e. the EU, Croatia, Iceland, Liechtenstein and Norway), as well as in Andorra, Monaco, San Marino, Serbia and Switzerland, the International Insurance Certificate is however no longer mandatory upon entry. In these countries the so-called Licence-Plate-Agreement applies, thus authorities have assurance that liability coverage is in place by checking the registration plate.

  In the following countries a Green Card is mandatory:

  • Albania
  • Azerbaijan
  • Belarus
  • Bosnia-Herzegovina
  • Iran
  • Israel
  • Macedonia
  • Morocco
  • Moldova
  • Montenegro
  • Russia
  • Tunisia
  • Turkey
  • Ukraine

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• General - Should my 'Green Card' not be green?

  For all those unaware, the International Insurance Certificate, commonly known as „Green Card “, is evidence that the vehicle has liability coverage for when travelling abroad.
  Since 1965 these certificates have always been green, yet as of 1st July 2020 they are also acceptable on plain white paper, allowing motorist to receive these digitally and print them themselves.

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• No Claims Discount - Temporary certificates for when leaving Germany

  On behalf of most insurance companies we are authorised to issue a "Temporary No Claims Discount certificate" and can produce this in English, French, German, Hungarian, Italian, Spanish or even Turkish.

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• No Claims Discount - Requirements to get a foreign certificate accepted in Germany

  There are several rules & regulations differing from insurer to insurer but in general the certificate must be:

  • Original
  • Issued by the insurer – not the broker!
  • Must state
    • a policy holder
    • claim-free insured years (some exceptions possible)
    • cancellation date
  • Translated, if not in English or German (the majority of insurances accept non-official translations)

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• No Claims Discount - How does the system work in Germany?

  In Germany the No Claims Discount (NCD), called "Schadenfreiheitsrabatt", has the biggest impact on the premium you pay. The more years claim-free insurance you can show, the cheaper the insurance will cost.
  To prove the amount of years the entitlement will either be electronically transferred from one German insurer to the other, or the client can send in an original certificate from a foreign insurer, which must state an expiry date and the amount of years claim-free insurance accumulated.

  What clients from overseas are often not aware of is that in Germany NCD is linked to a policy number, thus not to a specific person. Consequently, if a person can prove a personal claim-free record of 30+ years, this entitlement will still only be able to be used with just one policy.

  The actual NCD German insurers' grant depends on the amount of years a person has been a policy holder and the entitlement is split into Liability- & Full Casco (Own Damage) related discount. Technically this is described as: SF KH & SF VK.
  
  Example:
  On taking out car insurance with more than 3 years driving experience (EU driving licence required as proof), you will be granted SF1/2, which normally equals 70%. In money terms this means that if the annual premium without any discount (100%) was 1,000€, the following year it will reduce to 700€. And depending on whether the contract commences before or after 30th June, if after, the policy will automatically be granted SF1 - one full year NCD - as of the subsequent 1st January. The savings difference between SF1/2 and SF1 is approx. 10%.

  The maximum amount of years you can achieve is endless, however the lowest percentage nowadays is generally at 25% for both Liability and Comprehensive, provided that SF35 has been reached.

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• Payments - What happens if I fail to pay a subsequent motor insurance premium on time?

  Failing to make a subsequent payment with a German motor insurer does not mean coverage lapses as from the payments due-date.
  Once in arrears, the insurer will send a first reminder, normally within 2-3 weeks, stating the following.

  1. > Please make payment within 2 weeks after receiving this letter
     "After receiving this letter" in legal terms does not mean, when physically opening the envelope but within max. 3 working-days after the print-date of such.
      
  2. > Should the arrears not be settled within the 2-weeks' granted term of payment, insurance coverage will be terminated thereupon
      
  3. > Should the arrears be settled after the 2-weeks' granted term of payment, insurance coverage will be reinstated as from the date and time the bank has been instructed to transfer the payment or the insurer has debited the account, both scenarios subject to sufficient funds on account.

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• Registration procedure - Required documents for the NATO/ BFG vehicle licensing offices

  When taking out an insurance policy we give you the so-called double-white card, which you will have to present at your NATO POV/ BFG registration office (BFGLO).

  In addition you will also need the following documents for NATO:

  • Technical / inspection report
  • US Drivers License (for NATO personnel only)
  • Vehicle's log-book
  • ID

   For the BFGLO you need:

  • Proof of payment from your insurer / agent

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• Registration procedure - Which are GEO (BFG) approved motor insurers??

  To ensure your motor insurer will be accepted by Vehicle Licensing it is advisable to choose one approved by Global Support Organisation (Germany).

  • Belgium:
    • AGEAS
  • Canadian:
    • TF Insurance Services Ltd (CND)
  • German
    • Ergo
    • Allianz
      provided by ERICON broker (link)
    • Volkswohl Bund
      provided by MIRASCON
  • United Kingdom:
    • Aviva Ageas Service Insurance Co
      provided by Forces Financial
    • Forces Mutual
    • Forces Solutions
    • Markerstudy
    • Liverpool & Victoria Insurance for UKBC/UKBT (CSMA members)
      provided by Frizzell Financial Services
    • Towergate Wilson
    • Zenith

  Note:
  By addressing your application to OC BFG VLO (MAIN), BFPO 39 it is possible to check whether your non-listed insurer might still be accepted whilst posted to Germany.

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• Registration procedure - Using the German registration offices (non-POV or BFGLO)

  Yes, it is possible. Should you decide to register your vehicle outside the military environment, you will have to inform us so we can issue the so-called EVB number, as without you cannot register your vehicle. This number is not required for NATO registration!

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Insurance - Corperate - Indemnity

• Why at the beginning of each new term does the indemnity insurer amend the premium of the year before?

  With indemnity insurance the premium paid is a provisional amount based on the parameters of the previous year. Hence should the base variables responsible for premium calculation of insured risks have changed in the insurance year before, the premium must be adjustment after the end of term.
  
  The advantage for the customer is that mid-term changes to variables that affect premium calculation (e.g. number of co-insured employees, wages and salaries or changes to turnover) will not jeopardise insurance cover, e.g. due to the risk of being under-insured.

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General Questions

• Is ERICON broker an insurance or an agent for one insurer?

  No, ERICON broker is inter alia an independent insurance broker, registered and licenced in Germany, trading globally.

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• Which email address must I use, if I need a quick response?

  Using the word 'URGENT' in the subject of an email to 'info(at)ericon-broker.com', will get you are response the same business day.

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• I am a NATO civilian, am I entitled to any NATO discount?

  Generally all members of NATO, BFG, SHAPE in Belgium and the Canadian Forces will receive additional discount, apart from German nationals.

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Finances

• What is the difference between nominal- and effective interest rate

  The main difference is a mathematical measure and is due to monthly instalments.

  An example based on a mortgage
  If you borrowed 250.000 Euros in January and agreed to a yearly nominal interest rate of 5% then on 31st December you would have to pay
  12.500€ interest. In reality though you will be paying the 12.500€ in monthly instalments of 1.042,61€, on top of the agreed redemption rate. So strictly speaking you have paid the first interest instalment 11 months to soon, the second 10 months, etc. hence have lost interest yourself and this is reflected in the higher effective interest rate.

  The ancillary loan-related expense is the other piece that is reflected in the effective interest rate (e.g. administration costs). The total varies from bank to bank, which explains why two banks with the same nominal interest rate offer different effective interest rates.

  Please note: Other ancillary loan-realted expenses like: commitment-interest, evaluation costs and 'normal' account administration charges are not reflected within the effective interest rate!

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ImmoVest

• Does the tenant's deposit have to be secured interest-bearing?

  Yes, German law dictates that at the end of the rental-agreement the deposit has to be returned to the tenant with an interest that is in accordance to the "normal market return" for that specific period.
  
  Banks offer several solutions, e.g. 'savings- / escrow account' or pawnable 'fixed-term deposit accounts', latter generating higher returns but also needing the landlord's approval.
  
  With regards to 'ImmoVest", our maintenance company "park" the deposit on an 'escrow account' (e.g. Deutsche Kreditbank AG) and during the whole tenancy provide frequent balance sheets.

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"Künstlersozialkasse" / Artists' Social Insurance

• What is the 'Künstlersozialkasse' (KSK)?

  The Social Security Insurance for Artists & Writers (Künstlersozialkasse - KSK) is not actually a health insurer itself, but instead it acts as an employer that allows qualified artists and some other professions to apply for membership.
  
  Upon enrolment the applicant will have access to German statutory (Public) health insurance scheme (GKV).

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• Which standards are required to become a KSK member?

  The person must be a self-employed artist and publicist within the meaning of the KSK Act (§2 KSVG)

  The act states that the person is not only temporarily self-employed in creating music, performance arts or visual arts, or is engaged as a writer, journalist or in a similar journalistic manner, as well as teaching journalism.

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• Is KSK membership compulsory for artists?

  KSK membership is not compulsory, does however have one very interesting aspect - financial support.
  
  As a member of KSK this means that you are treated as an 'employee' rather than a freelancer or self-employed. As such you are then entitled to statutory (public) health insurance (Gesetzliche Krankenversicherung – GKV), which can be provided by any of the many Kassen (companies). The monthly premiums are divided into two portions, the member pays approx. 50% and KSK subsidise the difference.

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• I am uncertain, should I apply for KSK membership?

  If you are intending to remain in Germany long-term then membership of KSK is worth considering, despite the effects on your ‘bottom-line’ income.  There are benefits to long-term membership. If however you are NOT planning to remain in Germany long-term, then you should seriously consider whether membership is worthwhile. Bearing in mind that your contributions to the various social security schemes, especially pension, are not always refundable and (pension) is only payable at retirement age. Pension does not actually acquire any value at all until you have been contributing for a qualifying period of 2 years.
  
  One advantage of the European Union is that within the EU, this ‘qualifying’ period is valid in all EU Member States so no need to start this qualifying period again if you move within its boundaries.
  
  .. the alternatives ...
  
  The only alternative is not to join KSK. In this case you will have to sign up with a private insurance (Privat Krankenversicherung – PKV). This topic is quite complex, so you will need help from an intermediary/ broker such as ERICON broker or other health insurance specialists throughout Germany.
  
  We strongly advise not to rely solely on advice from the insurance companies themselves. They will obviously only consider their own interests/ products and not the full range of options. As a non EU citizen the choice of German private insurers willing to accept an application is unfortunately very limited.

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• How do I apply for KSK and statutory health insurance?

  Before applying for statutory health insurance you will need to receive the certificate of enrolment from KSK. The application for this needs to be submitted direct to KSK and may take a few months (up to 6 months is not unusual) - to be processed and approved.

  Download the KSK Application here.

  Please note that there is also no guarantee that every application will be approved - this is up to KSK and their strict adherence to the requirements!

  This waiting period (and the possibility of non-approval) invariably produces problems for people who need a residence permit for Germany as this must normally be applied for immediately on entry into Germany, and all the requirements finalised (including health insurance) within 2-3 months. Although it is sometimes possible to get an extension but this is very much up to the Ausländeramt (Residence Permit Office/ Foreigner's Office), or even the individual official you are dealing with.

  On receipt of KSK's approval certificate a proposal for statutory health insurance must be made to a Krankenkasse (statutory health insurer). This can be done directly with the company, however we recommend to consult a representative or broker, like ERICON broker, to deal with this matter, after all it is a complex issue. The decision of which GKV provider the applicant wishes to join up with is totally up the individual.

  The last stage before completing the whole procedure is to inform KSK of the provider you have chosen.

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• What is the "Insurance Number" on the KSK application?

  KSK are asking for your Social Security Number, which is made up of numbers and letters and is used to clearly identify a person within the social insurance structure. It consists of 12 digits in the following order:

  • 1 and 2 - Pension Insurance Institute
  • 3 to 8 - Date of birth (ddmmyy)
  • 9 - First letter of Surname
  • 10 and 11 - Gender identity
  • 12 - Checksum

  Although the Social Security Number is kind of similar to the Pension Insurance Number and latter can even be found on the Social Security Card, it is not the same because they have different identifiers.
  
  Should you be missing your Social Security Number you can apply for it at the Pension Insurance Institute (Tel 0800 / 1000 4800) or simply let KSK do the job when accepted.

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• What is the minimum amount of income I must earn to join KSK?

  The minimum income you must earn to join KSK is 3,900€ per year.
  An exception is made for those new to their profession; they can earn less in the first 3 years.

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• I had no income because of Corona. Will KSK terminate my membership?

  In order to support those affected by COVID 19, the legislator has extended §3 KSVG. This is the paragraph that determines a minimum income of 3,900€ per year.

  The following sentence has been added: "Falling below the limit in 2020 and 2021 will not be taken into account.

  This means that KSK will not kick anyone out just because they fell below the income requirement during these two years.
  And even without this new regulation, it was always the case and still is: KSK members are allowed to earn less than 3,900€ per year twice within six years. With this new regulation it is now up to four times.

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• What will statutory health insurance costs in conjuction with KSK?

  The cost of statutory health insurance (German: GKV) is related to income and shared equally between member and KSK.
  
  The exact total cost is dependent on the member's choice of statutory provider, though the current average is 15.9% (14.6% Fixed + 1.3% Additional Fee).
  
  Important to understand is that to assure that contributions are based on factual income, the person must provide KSK an assessment of their anticipated annual income and this initially and at the end of every year. And should they ever be audited, will need to affirm their declarations by providing official documentation in form of a 'Profit & Loss Report', Tax Return or any other acceptable evidence, such as: contracts, business proposals, orders, bank statements, etc.

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• I have private medical insurance and have been accepted by KSK. When will my new public health cover start?

  To avoid having to pay double for health insurance, statutory ("public") cover will not start until the month following KSK's official notification of acceptance letter.

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• Is it possible to stay uninsured, while waiting for KSK's decision?

  Whether or not a person is unsured whilst their application is being processed is not a matter that KSK is concerned about, as all they must see on acceptance is a Certificate of Insurance by either a German statutory ("public") or private insurer.
  
  HOWEVER, as since 1st January 2009 there is health insurance obligation for every person with their residence in Germany, all future health insurers have a legal commitment to check whether or not the applicant is in possession of a recognised insurance policy and if not, are enforced to charge back payments.

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• How can I find out the amount KSK have paid towards German Social Insurances?

  KSK are legally obliged to issue an Annual Statement that lists the amount of contributions that have been paid towards the German Pension Scheme and German Health Fonds, latter for medical and long-term care insurances. This document is usually sent within the 1st quarter of every year.

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• How do I change my banking information at KSK?

  To change your banking details with KSK it is required to provide them with a new and signed SEPA Direct Debit mandate.
  This document can be downloaded here.

  Please note:
  KSK only accept German bank accounts.

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• Where can I find an official English information on KSK?

  The Künstlersozialkasse have put together detailed information in English in form of the following 2 PDFs.

  • Informative Essay
  • Quick Overview

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